The construction of a synchronous generator

A synchronous generator, also known as an alternator, converts mechanical power into AC electric power through electromagnetic induction. Let’s break down its construction and key components:

1. Stator:

   • The stator is the stationary part of the alternator.
   • It houses the armature winding, where voltage is generated.
   • The output of the alternator is taken from the stator.
   • Key components: stator frame, stator core (made of silicon steel laminations), and armature windings.

2. Rotor:

   • The rotor is the rotating part of the alternator.
   • It produces the main field flux.
   • Two types of rotor constructions:
     • Salient-pole rotor: Poles project out from the rotor core. Used in low and medium-speed alternators.
     • Cylindrical rotor: Used in high-speed alternators.
   • The rotor carries the field winding, supplied with DC current via slip rings from a separate DC source (exciter).

3. Working Together:

   • When the rotor rotates, the field poles induce an alternating voltage in the armature conductors of the stator.
   • This alternating voltage results in electrical power generation.
   • The alternator must be driven at synchronous speed to produce AC power of the desired frequency.

In summary, the stator and rotor interact to create a rotating magnetic field, which generates synchronized AC power. The bearings support the rotor’s rotation within the stator, ensuring efficient operation.

Here’s a concise explanation of the working principle and operation of a synchronous generator:

1. Working Principle:

   • The synchronous generator operates based on electromagnetic induction.
   • When the rotor (the rotating part) turns, it creates a rotating magnetic field.
   • This magnetic field induces a voltage in the stator (the stationary part), specifically in the armature winding.
   • The induced voltage generates alternating current (AC).

2. Operation:

   • The rotor is driven by an external mechanical force (e.g., a turbine or engine).
   • As the rotor spins, it maintains a constant synchronous speed.
   • The stator’s armature winding produces AC voltage, which can be used for electrical power.

In summary, synchronous generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through the interaction of rotating and stationary components. 🔄⚡